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# Obtaining advanced information about installed devices

Lesson 1 (Obtaining the device list) demonstrated how to get basic information (i.e. device name and description) about available adapters. Actually, WinPcap provides also other advanced information. In particular, every pcap_if structure returned by pcap_findalldevs_ex() contains also a list of pcap_addr structures, with:

- a list of addresses for that interface.
- a list of netmasks (each of which corresponds to an entry in the addresses list).
- a list of broadcast addresses (each of which corresponds to an entry in the addresses list).
- a list of destination addresses (each of which corresponds to an entry in the addresses list).

Additionally, pcap_findalldevs_ex() can also return remote adapters and a list of pcap files that are located in a given local folder.

The following sample provides an ifprint() function that prints the complete contents of a pcap_if structure. It is invoked by the program for every entry returned by pcap_findalldevs_ex().

    /*
     * Copyright (c) 1999 - 2005 NetGroup, Politecnico di Torino (Italy)
     * Copyright (c) 2005 - 2006 CACE Technologies, Davis (California)
     * All rights reserved.
     *
     * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
     * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
     * are met:
     *
     * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
     * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
     * 3. Neither the name of the Politecnico di Torino, CACE Technologies
     * nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote
     * products derived from this software without specific prior written
     * permission.
     *
     * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
     * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
     * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
     * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
     * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
     * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
     * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
     * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
     * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
     * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
     * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
     *
     */

    #include "pcap.h"

    #ifndef WIN32
        #include <sys/socket.h>
        #include <netinet/in.h>
    #else
        #include <winsock.h>
    #endif

    // Function prototypes
    void ifprint(pcap_if_t *d);
    char *iptos(u_long in);
    char* ip6tos(struct sockaddr *sockaddr, char *address, int addrlen);

    int main()
    {
      pcap_if_t *alldevs;
      pcap_if_t *d;
      char errbuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE+1];
      char source[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE+1];

      printf("Enter the device you want to list:\n"
                "rpcap://              ==> lists interfaces in the local machine\n"
                "rpcap://hostname:port ==> lists interfaces in a remote machine\n"
                "                          (rpcapd daemon must be up and running\n"
                "                           and it must accept 'null' authentication)\n"
                "file://foldername     ==> lists all pcap files in the give folder\n\n"
                "Enter your choice: ");

      fgets(source, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, stdin);
      source[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE] = '\0';

      /* Retrieve the interfaces list */
      if (pcap_findalldevs_ex(source, NULL, &alldevs, errbuf) == -1)
      {
        fprintf(stderr,"Error in pcap_findalldevs: %s\n",errbuf);
        exit(1);
      }

      /* Scan the list printing every entry */
      for(d=alldevs;d;d=d->next)
      {
        ifprint(d);
      }

      pcap_freealldevs(alldevs);

      return 1;
    }

    /* Print all the available information on the given interface */
    void ifprint(pcap_if_t *d)
    {
      pcap_addr_t *a;
      char ip6str[128];

      /* Name */
      printf("%s\n",d->name);

      /* Description */
      if (d->description)
        printf("\tDescription: %s\n",d->description);

      /* Loopback Address*/
      printf("\tLoopback: %s\n",(d->flags & PCAP_IF_LOOPBACK)?"yes":"no");

      /* IP addresses */
      for(a=d->addresses;a;a=a->next) {
        printf("\tAddress Family: #%d\n",a->addr->sa_family);

        switch(a->addr->sa_family)
        {
          case AF_INET:
            printf("\tAddress Family Name: AF_INET\n");
            if (a->addr)
              printf("\tAddress: %s\n",iptos(((struct sockaddr_in *)a->addr)->sin_addr.s_addr));
            if (a->netmask)
              printf("\tNetmask: %s\n",iptos(((struct sockaddr_in *)a->netmask)->sin_addr.s_addr));
            if (a->broadaddr)
              printf("\tBroadcast Address: %s\n",iptos(((struct sockaddr_in *)a->broadaddr)->sin_addr.s_addr));
            if (a->dstaddr)
              printf("\tDestination Address: %s\n",iptos(((struct sockaddr_in *)a->dstaddr)->sin_addr.s_addr));
            break;

          case AF_INET6:
            printf("\tAddress Family Name: AF_INET6\n");
            if (a->addr)
              printf("\tAddress: %s\n", ip6tos(a->addr, ip6str, sizeof(ip6str)));
           break;

          default:
            printf("\tAddress Family Name: Unknown\n");
            break;
        }
      }
      printf("\n");
    }

    /* From tcptraceroute, convert a numeric IP address to a string */
    #define IPTOSBUFFERS    12
    char *iptos(u_long in)
    {
        static char output[IPTOSBUFFERS][3*4+3+1];
        static short which;
        u_char *p;

        p = (u_char *)&in;
        which = (which + 1 == IPTOSBUFFERS ? 0 : which + 1);
        sprintf(output[which], "%d.%d.%d.%d", p[0], p[1], p[2], p[3]);
        return output[which];
    }

    char* ip6tos(struct sockaddr *sockaddr, char *address, int addrlen)
    {
        socklen_t sockaddrlen;

        #ifdef WIN32
        sockaddrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
        #else
        sockaddrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_storage);
        #endif

        if(getnameinfo(sockaddr,
            sockaddrlen,
            address,
            addrlen,
            NULL,
            0,
            NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0) address = NULL;

        return address;
    }

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documentation. Copyright (c) 2002-2005 Politecnico di Torino. Copyright (c) 2005-2007 CACE Technologies. All rights reserved.